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It is not just chemistry, but also processing, that changes the behavior of a metal. 040%, are they different steels? Small changes do not matter in many situations but may be relevant depending on the metal’s intended use. 007% sulfur content, and another allows up to. It is for this reason that steel standards from different organizations are not precise matches: the tolerances merely overlap. Steel specifications often provide ranges for carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum, and none set identical ranges for each element. 47-.53%, and allows for silicon and other trace elements, whereas the ASTM standard does not. A similar Japanese specification sets carbon between. However, the tolerance for carbon percentage in the ASTM 1050 standard is. For example, the ASTM 1050 grade steel is so named because it is approximately. In most consumer metal standards, the proportions of each element are given an acceptable range, rather than a precise number. These additions may create different characteristics: for example, chromium is present in stainless steel to help prevent rusting. Standards for each grade of steel specify the proportions by weight of each of these elements, as well as any additional elements alloyed with them. If it has been made correctly, a metal should not only have the correct chemical analysis, but also perform within the correct range in mechanical tests.
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Published standards also record the mechanical properties of a specified metal. Specific instructions may also be given on melting temperature, cooling, and treatment. A standard includes the chemistry, or “recipe” for the alloy, documenting what different elements should be melted into it. Metal alloys are a mixture of different proportions of elements. Understanding what makes a steel standard or specification can help a North American business navigate overseas production. However, the quality of the grades of steel are as good, country to country. The question becomes: can you find an equivalent? This can be confusing, as each named metal grade has its own chemistry and production guidelines.įor people without a materials background, these differences can make the purchase of foreign-made metal seem iffy, like ordering an inferior knockoff. When converting from one standard to another, it’s almost impossible to find identical compositions for a given type of metal. International standards do not translate, metal-for-metal, the way words might translate. It leaves some designers wondering if there is something intrinsic in the official standards in other countries that can lead to these complaints. Rumors abound about people receiving poor quality steels from other jurisdictions. To a new designer, steel grades might seem easy, where 316 stainless steel is one material and cast iron another, but there are variations in each of these categories of metal. Seamless Cold-drawn Carbon Steel Feedwater Heater TubesĮngineering specification is also a language, and standard specifications for material and processes are defined differently in each country in the world. Seamless Carbon and Alloy Steel for Mechanical Tubing Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy Steel Boiler, Superheater and Heat-exchanger Tubes
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Seamless Medium-carbon Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes Seamless Cold-drawn Intermediate Alloy Steel Heat-exchanger and Condenser Tubes Seamless Carbon Steel Boiler Tubes for High Pressure Seamless Carbon Steel for High Temperature Service American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM), American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Descriptionīlack and Hot-dipped Zinc-coated Steel Pipes Seamless